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Knowledge card

Nanoparticle Volume Fractions φ₁, φ₂

Mathematical Modelling — Fluid Dynamics & Heat TransferContinuum mechanics; boundary-layer similarity theory

Symbol

φ

Loadings of Al₂O₃ (φ₁) and Cu (φ₂); the total φ = φ₁ + φ₂ sets every effective property.

Also known as:φ

Variable

Dimension I

Definition

What it is — and what it is not

What it is: S1Particle volume fractions φ₁ (Al₂O₃), φ₂ (Cu); φ = φ₁ + φ₂.

Dimension II

In practice

How to deal with it

No practical guidance recorded yet.

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